Overview

A quadriceps tendon tear is a musculoskeletal injury involving a partial or complete rupture of the tendon that connects the quadriceps muscle group to the top of the kneecap (patella). This tendon plays a critical role in straightening the knee and supporting movements such as walking, running, and jumping. Quadriceps tendon tears are more common in middle-aged and older adults and often result from sudden force or stress on the knee.

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the severity of the tear and may develop suddenly after injury. Common symptoms include:

  • Sudden pain above the kneecap

  • Swelling and tenderness in the front of the knee

  • Difficulty or inability to straighten the leg

  • A visible or palpable gap above the kneecap

  • Weakness in the affected leg

  • Trouble walking or bearing weight

Causes

A quadriceps tendon tear usually occurs when the tendon is overstressed or weakened. Common causes include:

  • Sudden forceful contraction of the quadriceps muscle

  • Falls or direct trauma to the knee

  • Sports injuries involving jumping or rapid direction changes

  • Degeneration of the tendon due to aging

  • Overuse or repetitive strain

  • Previous knee surgery

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the likelihood of a quadriceps tendon tear, including:

  • Age over 40 years

  • Participation in high-impact sports

  • Chronic tendon degeneration

  • Obesity, which increases stress on the knee

  • Diabetes or chronic kidney disease

  • Use of corticosteroids or certain antibiotics

  • History of knee injuries

Complications

If not treated appropriately, a quadriceps tendon tear can lead to long-term complications:

  • Persistent knee weakness

  • Reduced range of motion

  • Chronic pain or instability

  • Difficulty returning to normal activities or sports

  • Muscle atrophy due to prolonged immobility

  • Increased risk of re-injury

Prevention

Preventive measures focus on maintaining knee strength and reducing tendon stress:

  • Regular strengthening and flexibility exercises for the quadriceps

  • Proper warm-up before physical activity

  • Gradual increase in activity intensity

  • Maintaining a healthy body weight

  • Using proper techniques during sports and exercise

  • Seeking early treatment for knee pain or tendon discomfort

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