Keratitis

Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. It can be caused by infections or noninfectious factors and may range from mild to severe. Keratitis can affect one or both eyes and, if not treated promptly, may lead to vision impairment or permanent eye damage. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for protecting eye health.

Symptoms

Symptoms of keratitis may develop suddenly and can include:

• Eye redness

• Eye pain or discomfort

• Sensitivity to light

• Blurred or decreased vision

• Excessive tearing or eye discharge

• Feeling of something in the eye

• Difficulty opening the eye due to pain

Causes

Keratitis may be caused by infectious or noninfectious factors. Common causes include:

• Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic eye infections

• Improper contact lens use or poor lens hygiene

• Eye injury or trauma

• Dry eyes or reduced tear production

• Exposure to contaminated water

• Immune system disorders

Risk factors

• Wearing contact lenses, especially overnight use

• Poor contact lens hygiene

• Eye injury or surgery

• Weakened immune system

• Chronic eye dryness

• Exposure to infectious organisms

Complications

• Corneal ulcers

• Permanent scarring of the cornea

• Vision loss or impairment

• Chronic eye inflammation

• Spread of infection to deeper eye structures

Prevention

The risk of keratitis can be reduced by following proper eye care practices, including:

• Maintaining good contact lens hygiene

• Avoiding sleeping in contact lenses unless prescribed

• Protecting eyes from injury and contamination

• Using clean water and avoiding exposure to contaminated sources

• Treating dry eyes and underlying health conditions

• Seeking prompt medical care for eye pain, redness, or vision changes

Early treatment of keratitis usually leads to full recovery, while delayed care can result in serious and lasting eye complications.